Adventszeit, or "the Advent season," is a special time of preparation and anticipation in Germany that begins on the fourth Sunday before Christmas, known as "der erste Advent." It is rooted in Christian tradition and has both religious and cultural significance. This period is marked by a blend of solemn reflection and joyful expectation, as it leads up to the celebration of Christmas, or "Weihnachten."
The word "Advent" comes from the Latin "adventus," meaning "arrival," referring to the coming of Christ. In Germany, Advent has been observed for centuries, with its origins tracing back to the early Christian Church. The practice of fasting and spiritual preparation during this time became widespread in the Middle Ages. Over time, these religious customs evolved into a season rich in both spiritual and cultural practices.
A central tradition during Advent is the "Adventskranz," the Advent wreath. This is usually made of evergreen branches, symbolizing eternal life, and is adorned with four candles. Each Sunday, a new candle is lit, representing the light of Christ coming into the world. Families often gather around the wreath, sing Advent songs such as "Wir sagen euch an den lieben Advent," and take a moment for quiet reflection.
Another beloved tradition is the "Adventskalender," or Advent calendar, which helps children and adults alike count down the days until Christmas. The typical Advent calendar consists of 24 small compartments, each containing a surprise, such as chocolate, toys, or a small note. Modern versions can be quite creative, ranging from handmade crafts to luxurious themed calendars.
The Advent season also brings the arrival of "der Nikolaustag" on December 6th. On this day, "der heilige Nikolaus" (Saint Nicholas) visits children, leaving small gifts in their polished boots, or "Stiefel," as a reward for good behavior. This tradition recalls the generosity of Saint Nicholas, a 4th-century bishop known for his acts of kindness.
One cannot discuss Advent in Germany without mentioning the "Weihnachtsmärkte," or Christmas markets. These festive gatherings, often held in town squares, are filled with wooden stalls selling handmade crafts, "Lebkuchen" (gingerbread), and "Glühwein" (mulled wine). The markets create a magical atmosphere with twinkling lights, carols, and the scent of roasted almonds in the air. While their roots lie in medieval trade fairs, Christmas markets as we know them today became more popular in the 16th century.
Another feature of Advent is the baking of traditional Christmas cookies, or "Plätzchen." Families come together to make and decorate treats such as "Vanillekipferl" (vanilla crescents) and "Zimtsterne" (cinnamon stars), filling homes with delightful aromas. These baking sessions are cherished moments, blending old recipes with the joy of togetherness.
The Advent season reflects a mix of old and new customs, a harmony of sacred and secular. Its roots in the Christian calendar remain evident, but it has also become a time for families to bond and communities to celebrate. Whether through lighting candles on the Advent wreath, opening the daily surprise in an Advent calendar, or savoring the festive cheer of Christmas markets, Advent in Germany is a time of reflection, warmth, and anticipation of the joy that Christmas brings.